Bendixking KLN 94 - Pilots Guide User Manual

Pilot’s GuideORS 01, 02 and 03KLN 94Bendix/King®GPS Navigation SystemN

Table of ContentsTOC-23.8.2. Selecting Waypoints by Scanning ...3-233.8.3. Selecting Waypoints by Name or City ...

6. Use the right inner and outerknobs to complete line 4. TheF button must be pressed toapprove line 4 separately.7. Turn the cursor off when you ar

The APT 7 page is also used to load DPs and STARs into the active flightplan. This page may be accessed using the manual method of selectingpages usin

The different types of IAPs and the abbreviations used on the APT 8 pageare:Approach AbbreviationILS & ILS DME ILSLOC & LOC DME LOCLOC BC &am

If the VOR is being viewed as part ofthe nearest VORs list (see section3.9.1), the VOR 1 page format willdiffer as follows (see figure 3-165).Line 1:

point. To the right of the identifier is the frequency of the NDB in kilohertz.If the NDB is being viewed as part of the nearest NDBs list (see secti

Lines 2-3: The latitude and longitude of the intersection.Line 4: The magnetic bearing to or the magnetic radial from the user-defined waypoint and th

3.12.5.2. The User 1 (USR 1) PageSee figure 3-173.Line 1: The user-defined waypointidentifier, preceded by an arrow if itis the active waypoint.Lines

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation3-65lines of 16 characters each are available for the remarks. A combinationof up to 200 user-defi

3.13. SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE ALERTINGThe KLN 94 database contains the location of areas of special use air-space (SUA). The types of SUA areas stored i

2. Press the B button to turn on the cursor.3. Use the right outer knob to movethe cursor over the desired SUAgroup (figure 3-180).4. Use the right in

3.11.4.9. Changing the Map Range Scale ...3-473.11.4.10 Decluttering The Screen ...3-483.11.4.11. Waypoint Scan

Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation3-68If the altitude input to the KLN 94 is pressure altitude from an altitudeencoder or air data computer, then you must

If the SUA alert feature has been enabled, the KLN 94 allows you to selecta vertical buffer on the SET 5 page in order to provide an additional layero

Waypoint Alert: The remote waypoint alert annunciator is on wheneverwaypoint alerting is occurring. See sections 3.10.3. “Waypoint Alerting forDirec

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation3-712. Note what the default number is next to “Comm” and “Nav”. In figure3-190, the default numbe

Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation3-723.15.2. QUICKTUNE™ OPERATION WITH MORE THAN ONE COM-PATIBLE NAV/COMMIn order to use QuickTune™ when there is more tha

just as if it was actually functioning in an aircraft. Distances count down,waypoints sequence, and the deviation bar follows the progress of thesimu

fier of the starting point of the trip (figure 3-197). 5. Press F once to view the way-point page and a second time toapprove the waypoint page.6. Ro

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation3-75that the ATIS frequency is 125.65 MHz, the pre-taxi clearance deliveryfrequency is 118.95 MHz,

Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation3-76pages for Hope Municipal. We learn, for example, that it is located inHope, Arkansas, and has two hard surface runway

4. FLIGHT PLAN OPERATIONIf you are going to use your KLN 94 for more than just flying VFR, directfrom one airport to the next, it will be well worth y

3.13. Special Use Airspace Alerting ...3-663.14. Remote Mounted Annunciators ...

Chapter 4 Flight Plan Operation4-2are: KNEW (Lakefront airport), GPT (Gulfport VOR), SJI (Semmes VOR),CEW (Crestview VOR), MAI (Marianna VOR), SZW (Se

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 4 Flight Plan Operation4-3again. If no mistake was made but the waypoint identifier just enteredisn’t in the database,

Chapter 4 Flight Plan Operation4-4first three waypoints will then be displayed followed by the last way-point in the flight plan. Rotate the right out

2. Press B to turn on the cursor.It will appear over Use? (figure4-11). If you haven’t left thenumbered flight plan since creat-ing this flight plan,

position automatically jumpsdown to the next position. In thiscase, SJI automatically moves towaypoint 3 and KPIE changes towaypoint 8 (figure 4-15).4

4. Press F and the waypoint willbe deleted from the flight plan.The other waypoints in the flightplan will be correctly reposi-tioned (figure 4-21).5.

2. Turn on the cursor with the Bbutton. It will appear over theblank first waypoint position (fig-ure 4-25).3. Rotate the right outer knob coun-terclo

ing GPS signals suitable for navigation. (Note: If the unit is in thetake-home mode, it has been “tricked” into thinking it is receivingsignals and t

4.2.2. TURN ANTICIPATION AND WAYPOINT ALERTINGPrior to reaching a waypoint in the active flightplan, the KLN 94 will provide navigation along acurved

Although normally not recommend-ed, turn anticipation may be disabledon the Setup 10 (SET 10) page bypressing the B button and thenrotating the right

4.2.4.2 Direct To Operation From Any Page ...4-124.2.4.3 Direct To Operation From The FPL 0 Page 4-134.2.4.4 Cancelling Direct To Operation

4.2.4. COMBINING DIRECT TO AND FLIGHT PLAN OPERATIONIt is very common when using flight plan operation to use the Direct Tofunction to proceed directl

4.2.4.3 Direct To Operation From The FPL 0 PageIf you are presently viewing the active flight plan page there is an easymethod of selecting the Direct

4.2.5. VIEWING DISTANCE, ETE, ETA, OR DESIRED TRACK TOFLIGHT PLAN WAYPOINTSThe right side of the active flight plan (FPL 0) page may be used to displa

4.2.6 CHANGING THE SYSTEM TIME ZONEThe ETA shown on the FPL 0 page is the for the system time zone. Thesystem time zone may be changed from either t

Chapter 4 Flight Plan Operation4-16This page intentionally left blank

5. INTERMEDIATE OPERATIONMany of the KLN 94’s advanced features and functions are covered in thissection of the Pilot’s Guide. You may pick and choos

right outer knob; turn the right inner knob to select the desired unit of mea-sure; and turn the cursor off again. 2. Use the right inner knob toupda

5.2. ADVISORY VNAV OPERATIONThe KLN 94’s advisory vertical navigation (VNAV) feature allows you toprogram a descent or ascent path, and then provides

NOTE: There may be some difference (less than 100 feet) between theindicated altitude and the aircraft’s actual altitude if the altitude input to the

vertical speed, use the outer knob toposition the cursor over the verticalspeed field (figure 5-10). VNAV oper-ation is initiated by bringing thecurso

5.8. The Auxilary (AUX) Pages ...5-215.9. Determining the Status of the GPS Signals ...5-2

NOTE: During your descent, check your actual groundspeed to verify thatit is similar to the one you entered on the ALT 2 page. If it is different, y

NOTE: The altitude alerting function of the KLN 94 does not meet FARPart 91 for turbojet-powered civil airplanes.NOTE: Before you use the altitude a

6. Press the A button again tomove on to the ALT 2 page (fig-ure 5-17). Only line 2 of theALT 2 page is used for altitudealerting. The remainder of th

and headphones. Or the KLN 94 may be interfaced with an external tonegenerator installed in the aircraft.In order to use altitude alerting, the KLN 94

5.4.1. CREATING A WAYPOINT AT YOUR PRESENT POSITIONCreating a waypoint at your present position is the simplest possible wayto create a user-defined w

5.4.2. CREATING A WAYPOINT AT A CERTAIN LATITUDE/LONGITUDEIt is also possible to create a user-defined waypoint by manually enteringa latitude and lon

7. Use the right outer knob to movethe cursor, and the right innerknob to select the proper num-bers to complete the latitudeentry (figure 5-31).8. Pr

5. Press F. The display willchange to a format like figure 5-36 with the cursor over thereference waypoint field.6. Use the right inner and outerknob

5.5. NAVIGATION MODESThe KLN 94 allows you to choose how the course to the active waypoint isdefined. This is done by selecting between the two course

distance between two points located on the earth’s surface. In thecase of Direct To operation, the “from” waypoint is not displayed but itis the poin

5.16. Manual Magnetic Variation Selection ...5-415.17. Setting the Units of Measure ...

When this is done, the pilot must verify that the proper course hasbeen selected by confirming the digital selected course readout dis-played on the K

5.5.4. SWITCHING FROM THE LEG MODE TO THE OBS MODEThe following mode transition occurs if the KLN 94 is in the Leg mode andthe mode is changed to the

5.5.6. GOING DIRECT TO A WAYPOINT WHILE IN THE OBS MODEThe direct-to function will select the OBS value that will take the aircraftfrom the present po

3. If the desired waypoint is not the one that was suggested by theKLN 94, enter the desired identifier. Press F.4. Press F to approve the way-point

5.7. AVIONICS BUS VOLTAGE ALERTINGThe SET 9 page serves as a monitor of your avionics power bus. It givesyou a digital readout of the voltage suppli

5.8. THE AUXILARY (AUX) PAGESThe KLN 94 may have up to 21 Auxiliary pages which are used for amultitude of miscellaneous functions. The table below s

sufficient “geometry” exists to determine an accurate position. The satelliteconstellation geometry is continually changing as each satellite, “rises”

WARNING: Do not use the GPS-derived altitude for navigation. Dueto many factors, the GPS altitude may be 300 feet or more in error,which is unacceptab

• The signal strength (Sg) for each satellite is displayed next and indi-cates the signal strength for each satellite in the range of 0 (zero) to9 (ni

To calculate distance, bearing, time, and ESA from present positionto another waypoint:1. From the AUX 4 page (figure 5-58), turn on the cursor (B).

APPENDIX A - NAVIGATION TERMS ...A-1APPENDIX B - MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGES ...B-1APPENDIX C

played on line 3, and the distance will be displayed on line 4.5. Use the right outer knob to move the cursor over the groundspeedfield on line 5.6. S

To calculate fuel requirements:1. The waypoints entered on the AUX 4 page are automatically broughtforward on the AUX 5 page. You may also change the

NOTE: The altimeter baro set units may be changed between inches, mil-libars and hectopascals on the SET 12 page).5.10.4. THE AUXILARY 7 (AUX 7) DENS

5.10.5. THE AUXILARY 8 (AUX 8) TRUE AIRSPEED PAGEThe AUX 8 page is used to determine the true airspeed (TAS) of the air-craft.To calculate the true ai

5.10.6. THE AUXILARY 9 (AUX 9) WIND PAGEThe AUX 9 page is used to determine the present wind direction andspeed. In addition, the headwind or tailwin

To set the alarm:1. Turn on the cursor (B). If necessary, change the system time zoneto the desired one on line 2 of the AUX 10 page.2. To set the ala

2. Turn on the cursor (B).3. If desired, select another way-point identifier using the rightinner and outer knobs. PressF to view the waypoint pagefor

user-defined waypoints, you willhave to scroll the cursor downthe list.2. Press E. The KLN 94 will askif you wish to delete that user-waypoint (figur

5.12. VIEWING THE KLN 94 SOFTWARE STATUS (AUX 14PAGE)The AUX 14 page (figure 5-93)shows the application software revi-sion (line 1), the software s

5.13.1. THE AUXILARY 15 (AUX 15) FUEL MANAGEMENT PAGENOTE: The AUX 15 – AUX 19 pages are only displayed when the KLN 94is interfaced with a compatible

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide IntroductioniINTRODUCTIONCongratulations for choosing the Bendix/King KLN 94 GPS! Celestialnavigation will now be a way of life

• The fuel required to reach the destination waypoint at the currentrate of fuel flow and the present groundspeed (Fuel Reqd).• The landing fuel on bo

5.13.4. THE AUXILARY (AUX 18) FUEL MANAGEMENT PAGEThe AUX 18 page displays rate offuel flow. It has two formats depend-ing on whether the aircraft is

Chapter 5 Intermediate Operation5-38The Auxiliary 20 and Auxiliary 21 (AUX 20 and AUX 21) pages are usedto display air data information if both a fuel

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 5 Intermediate Operation5-39SAT Static air temperature (the actual temperature of the surrounding air mass).TAT Total ai

Chapter 5 Intermediate Operation5-405. Move the flashing part of the cur-sor to the tens digit of the yearfield, and select the proper num-ber (figure

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 5 Intermediate Operation5-415.16. MANUAL MAGNETIC VARIATION SELECTIONThe KLN 94’s primary coverage area is from N 74° to

Chapter 5 Intermediate Operation5-42To enter the local magnetic variation manually on the SET 2 page:1. Turn on the cursor (B).2. Move the cursor over

6. APPROACHES AND DP/STARS This is the last chapter on the operation of the KLN 94. In this chapter youwill learn how to use the KLN 94 for non-prec

KLN 94 is configured for IFR enroute only, pressing the P buttonallows access to DP and STAR pro-cedures but not approaches (figure6-4).6.2. NON-PREC

6.2.1. APPROACH MODE ANNUNCIATIONSIn addition to the two course modes (Leg and OBS) described in section5.5, there are also two approach related mod

KLN 94 SNEAK PREVIEWIf you absolutely can’t wait to use your KLN 94 until you’ve read this Pilot’sGuide, this section is for you. This short section

6.2.2. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR NON-PRECISIONAPPROACHESNon-precision approaches will all have the general flow of events as fol-lows. Refer to figure 6

2. Transition to the approach arm mode. This will occur automaticallywhen the aircraft is within 30 NM of the airport and there is anapproach loaded i

situation. By default, the KLN 94 will nominate the first waypoint ofthe published missed approach procedure when you have flown pastthe MAP and the

3. The cursor will normally already be over the desired airport but if youwish to select another airport from the list use the right outer knob tomo

pressing F when the cursor isover MIFEV (figure 6-12). NOTE: If there is only one IAF for aprocedure, then the KLN 94 will skipthis step and go on t

After the approach has been entered into the flight plan the KLN 94checks to make sure that the resulting flight plan “makes sense”. If theKLN 94 det

Another item that you should noticein the flight plan is the line that has*NO WPT SEQ on it (figure 6-16).This is what is referred to as a fenceand th

• b will be a letter corresponding to the distance from the reference VOR. For example, G is the seventh letter of the alphabet so D234G would be a

To replace an existing approach:1. Press the P button. If necessary move the cursor over SelectApproach? and press F to bring up the PROC 2 page.2. Th

procedure from the active flight plan. If the KLN 94 was in theapproach arm or the approach active mode, then deleting theapproach will cause the KLN

6. Use the right outer knob to turn to the NAV page type. Watch thepage bar at the very bottom of the screen. As the outer knob is turnedthe selecte

Chapter 6 Approaches and DP/STARs6-14Figure 6-21

plate for this approach (figure 6-21) to see what the procedure looks like.For this example it is assumed that you are on an active flight plan fromLa

NOTE: When FPL 0 is modified in any way, the KLN 94 orients itself onthe nearest leg of the modified flight plan. In this case the leg from KNEWto M

KLN 94 screen to verify that LEG sequencing is selected. If theKLN 94 shares an HSI or CDI with other NAV sources, it is also goodto verify that the

The following steps would need to be performed if a missed approach isrequired.10. Upon reaching RW17 and not seeing the runway you decide to per-for

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 6 Approaches and DP/STARs6-19Figure 6-29NOT FORNOT FORNANAVIGAVIGATIONTION

6.2.8. APPROACH EXAMPLE 2: RADAR VECTORSWhen airports have an approach control that is in a radar environment it islikely you will receive radar ve

find out that vectors will be provided you can still easily activate theVectors feature of the KLN 94 with the waypoint IAF loaded in FPL 0.5. Press F

3. Press F to activate vectors. Activating vectors makes the FAF theactive waypoint with the proper inbound course to the FAF (figure 6-38). The VTF

10. After a second missed approach you may select another approach atLincoln or some other airport by pressing the P button to display thePROC 1 page.

WARNINGPrior to export of this document, review for export license requirement is needed.COPYRIGHT NOTICECopyright ©2000-2002 Honeywell International

HOW-TO INDEXThis index will help you quickly find important procedures at a glance. Thelist is alphabetized by action words.TO: SEE Section:Activate

6.2.9. APPROACH EXAMPLE 3: COURSE REVERSAL WITH OFF-AIRPORT IAF In the previous two approach examples we were able to leave the KLN 94in the Leg mo

This message provides a reminder that to fly a course reversal the OBSmode needs to be selected. Note from the approach chart that there is aNoPT Arri

7. When the aircraft is 2 NM from the FAF, the KLN 94 will verify that theproper integrity is available. If integrity monitoring is available for the

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 6 Approaches and DP/STARs6-27Figure 6-43NOT FORNOT FORNANAVIGAVIGATIONTION

For this example assume that the aircraft is approaching KMSA from thesouthwest.1. Approximately 40 NM from the airport, load the approach using thepr

NOTE: For ORS 02 and higher unitsthe procedure turn will be displayedon the map (figure 6-44a) if config-ured to do so on the SET 7 page.See section 3

missed approach procedure. In this case the waypoint N35HP is dis-played. This is a point located on the outbound leg of the holdingpattern. We will

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 6 Approaches and DP/STARs6-31Figure 6-45NOT FORNOT FORNANAVIGAVIGATIONTION

and press F to display the listof approaches for KRWI. Movethe cursor over VOR/D 22 andpress F to bring up the list ofIAFs (figure 6-47). 2. There a

5. After the approach is loaded into the flight plan the KLN 94 may givethe message:*Redundant Wpts In FPLEdit En Route WptsAs NecessaryThis message i

TO: SEE Section:Delete a waypoint remark from the AUX 13 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.11.2Delete an approach from FPL 0 . . . . .

• If F was pressed, then the KLN 94 will calculate an arc inter-cept point based on the point where the aircraft’s present track overthe ground inter

13. Passing TYI the KLN 94 will sequence to CF22 which is depicted onthe U.S. Government chart as 4 NM from TYI. The CF22 designationis shown on the J

• When a non-approvedapproach is selected, a pageas shown in figure 6-52 is dis-played to remind you that theKLN 94 can only be used toprovide situati

6.2.14. APPROACH PROBLEMSVery rarely there will be a problem with the integrity of the GPS systemwhile you are conducting non-precision approaches w

To perform a RAIM prediction on the AUX 3 page three pieces of informa-tion are needed. The first is the location that the prediction will be for andt

6. Turn the cursor off.7. The RAIM calculation will usuallytake a few seconds before ananswer is reached. During thistime the AUX 3 page will be assh

procedures require pilot action to ensure that the proper path is flown overthe ground. The main purpose of loading a DP or a STAR into the activeflig

NOTE: Normally, the desired departure airport will already be displayedwith the cursor on it. In case it is not, move the cursor over the desiredair

6.3.2. SELECTING A STARThe steps required to select a STAR are very similar to those required toselect a DP. The only difference is the order of the

runway 17R so move the cursorover RW17R (figure 6-69). PressF. If the STAR does notrequire a specific runway theKLN 94 skips this step.8. The KLN 94 n

Chapter 1 System Components1-0AIRCRAFTPOWERALTITUDE11-33VGRAY CODEWPT ALERTMESSAGEKA 92 GPS ANTENNAHSICDIAUTOPILOTREMOTEANNUNCIATORSRS-232OUTPUTKLN 94

3. Use the right inner and outer knobs in the normal manner to definethe desired waypoint.4. Press F to display the waypoint page for this identifier.

3. When the list of DP or STAR waypoints is displayed, the bottom of thepage will now show REPL FPL 0 DP? for a DP or REPL FPL 0STAR? for a STAR. Pre

Chapter 6 Approaches and DP/STARs6-46Figure 6-72

8. Before reaching WAGES change to the Leg mode. This will allowautomatic waypoint sequencing upon reaching WAGES.9. Once the aircraft reaches FLW, p

Chapter 6 Approaches and DP/STARs6-48Figure 6-73

APPENDIX A - NAVIGATION TERMSKLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Appendix A Navigation TermsA-1ARC - Radial from reference VOR when executing an approach procedurew

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APPENDIX B - MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGESXXXXX DeletedFrom FPL 0 - The displayed waypoint has been deleted from the activeflight plan (FPL 0) when an approac

Arm GPS Approach — If the approach ARM mode has been disarmedwith the optional external GPS Approach switch, the KLN 94 will remindyou to arm the app

Database Error: AEROData Not Useable - This message appears if the aeronautical databasefails an internal test when the KLN 94 is turned on.Database E

1. KLN 94 SYSTEM COMPONENTSA basic KLN 94 system consists of a panel mounted KLN 94 GPS and aKA 92 GPS antenna. An altitude input is required to obta

Internal Battery Low:Service Required toPrevent Data Loss— This message appears when the KLN 94’s internalbattery is low and needs replacing at an aut

Nav Data Referenced ToUser-Defined Mag Var - This message appears when a user-definedmagnetic variation other than 0 degrees is being used for naviga

Appendix B Message Page MessagesB-6Press PROC Button Now For Navigation — This message appearsafter the NAV flag has been set due to a RAIM problem wh

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Appendix B Message Page MessagesB-7Redundant WPTs In FPLEdit Enroute WPTsAs Necessary — This message appears after the pilot in

Appendix B Message Page MessagesB-8This page intentionally left blank

APPENDIX C - SCRATCHPAD MESSAGESActiveWpt - (Active Waypoint) Appears when you attempt to delete a user-defined waypoint on the AUX 12 page if the way

InvalidDel - (Invalid Delete) Appears when an attempt is made to delete anapproach waypoint. Individual approach waypoints cannot be deleted,you mu

No Nrst - (No Nearest) Appears when the pilot selects a nearest list (APT,VOR, NDB, INT, USR, SUA, FSS or CTR), and there are no nearest itemsof that

Appendix C Scratchpad MessagesC-4This page intentionally left blank

APPENDIX D - ABBREVIATIONSSTATE ABBREVIATIONSABBREVIATION STATEAK AlaskaAL AlabamaAR ArkansasAZ ArizonaCA CaliforniaCO ColoradoCT ConnecticutDC Distri

Each KLN 94 system includes a configuration module which is attached tothe KLN 94 mounting rack. The module allows the KLN 94 to be config-ured for th

STATE ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)OR OregonPA PennsylvaniaRI Rhode IslandSC South CarolinaSD South DakotaTN TennesseeTX TexasUT UtahVA VirginiaVT VermontWA

COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)ANTARC ANTARCTICA (E. SPA REGION) ANTIGU ANTIGUA / BARBUDA

COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)CONGO CONGO COOK I COOK ISLANDS

COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)HONG K HONG KONG HUNGAR HUNGARY

COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)MALDIV MALDIVES MALI MALI

COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)PORTUG PORTUGAL / AZORES / MADEIRA I. QATAR QATAR

COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)VENEZU VENEZUELA VIETNA VIETNAM

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)ATH ATHENSATL ATLANTAATN ASTANAATY ATYRAUAUC AUCKLANDAYA AYAGUSBAG BAGHDADBAH BAHRAINBAK BAKUBAL BALIBAN BANGKOKBAR BARCEL

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)BST BRESTBUC BUCHARESTBUD BUDAPESTBUJ BUJUMBURACAI CAIROCAL CALCUTTACAM CAMPO GRANDECAM CENTRAL AMERICACAN CANARIESCAP CAP

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)EDM EDMONTONEMI EMIRATESENT ENTEBBEEZE EZEIZAFRA FRANKFURTFW FT WORTHGAB GABORONEGAN GANDER DOMESTICGEN GENEVAGEO GEORGETO

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 1 System Components1-3This page intentionally left blank

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)KIG KIGALIKIN KINGSTONKIR KIRENSKKIS KISANGANIKK KOTA KINABALUKL KUALA LUMPURKM KHANTY-MANSIYSKKNS KINSHASAKO KZYL-ORDAKO

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)MAR MARSEILLEMAU MAURITIUSMAZ MAZATLANMDR MADRASMEL MELBOURNEMEM MEMPHISMEN MENDOZAMER MERIDAMEX MEXICOMGD MAGDAGACHIMIA M

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)NOV NOVOSIBIRSKNUK NUKUSNY NEW YORKNZE NEW ZEALANDOAK OAKLANDODE ODESSAOKH OKHAOMS OMSKORN ORENBURGOSH OSHOSK OKHOTSKOSL O

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)RMS REIMSROB ROBERTSROC ROCHAMBEAUROM ROMEROS ROSTOVROV ROVANIEMISAI SAINSHANDSAL SALSAM SAMARASAN SANTIAGOSAR SARAJEVOSCO

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)SYM SEYMCHANTAE TAEGUTAH TAHITITAI TAIPEITAL TALLINNTAM TAMPERETAR TARAZTAS TASHKENTTAZ TASHAUZTBI TBILISITEH TEHRANTEL TE

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)WAS WASHINGTONWEL WELLINGTONWIN WINNIPEGWND WINDHOEKWUH WUHANYAK YAKUTSKYAN YANGONYEK YEKATERINBURGYEN YENISEYSKYER YEREVA

OTHER ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)DTK Desired trackDUP DuplicateE EastEDT Eastern Daylight TimeELE ElevationENT EnterEST Eastern Standard TimeETA Estimated

OTHER ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d)P.POS Present positionPDT Pacific Daylight TimePOS PositionPOSN PositionPRES PresentPRS PressurePST Pacific Standard TimeP

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APPENDIX E - LAT/LON CONVERSIONSThe KLN 94 utilizes latitude and longitude expressed in degrees, minutes,and hundredths of a minute. You may occasion

Chapter 2 Data Base2-0CANADAUSALATIN AMPACIFICSOUTH PACSOUTH AMEUROPEEAST EURMID EASTAFRICASOUTH PACPACIFIC75°60°45°30°15°0°15°30°45°60°75°60°45°30°15

LAT/LON CONVERSIONS (Cont’d)SECONDS (“)HUNDREDTHS OF A MINUTE(‘)33 .5534 .5735 .5836 .6037 .6238 .6339 .6540 .6741 .6842 .7043 .7244 .7345 .7546 .774

APPENDIX F - GPS PRIMERBACKGROUNDThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation sys-tem that was originally conceived and impleme

quickly lock on to the satellites in view. Otherwise, the receiver wouldhave to look for each of the 24 satellites to determine which ones could beus

RAIMReceiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) is a function that everyIFR-certified GPS receiver must continuously perform to assure an accu-rat

• Improved position accuracy.• The ability of the GPS receiver to perform the RAIM calculations isenhanced without degrading position tracking.Appendi

APPENDIX G - OPERATIONAL COMPARISON: KLN 94VS. KLN 89BIf you are an experienced user of the KLN 89B GPS this appendix is foryou. It identifies most o

• QuickTune™ Comm and Nav frequencies into KX 155A andKX 165A (section 3-15). Note: Additional wires must be installedbetween the KLN 94 and the KX 15

• “AUTO” is shown next to the map scale when automatic range scal-ing has been selected (section 3.11.4.9).• Added waypoints from the “nearest list” t

• Procedure turns and holding patterns associated with approaches,DPs, and STARs are displayed on the map (section 3.11.4.12).• New airport map icons

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide IndexI-1KLN 94 INDEXAAbbreviationsAirport names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-24, 3-51Appro

2. DATABASE2.1. FUNCTIONS OF THE DATABASEThe database provides four primary functions. First, it makes pilot inter-face with the GPS sensor much easi

AlertingAltitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6Special Use Airspace (SUA) . . . . . . .

AUX 1 GPS status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-21AUX 2 GPS status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IndexI-4Cities on map display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-44City of airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Data entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14Date and time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IndexI-6EEditingFlight plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5, 4-6DP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frequencies, QuickTune™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-70Frequencies for airport communications . . . . . . . . . . . .

KKA 92 antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1Kilometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15, 6-18, 6-26, 6-29, 6-34, 6-45Leg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ORS (Operational Revision Status) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cover, 3-2Outer markers (OM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scanning waypoint names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23Scratchpad messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The following is a listing of the KLN 94 database contents:AERONAUTICAL DATAAIRPORTSIdentifierNameCity, State or CountryUse type (if heliports, milita

Sunrise / Sunset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-31Surface, runway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VOR 2 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-61VOR dataBearing and distance . . . . . . . . . . . .

IndexI-14This page intentionally left blank

Honeywell International Inc.One Technology Center23500 West 105th StreetOlathe, Kansas 66061FAX 913-791-1302Telephone: (913) 782-0400Copyright © 2000-

NDBs (En Route and Terminal)IdentifierNameFrequencyLatitude and Longitude(Note - Outer Compass Locators may be stored as an NDB by their NDBidentifier

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide006-18207-0000Operational Revision Status ORS 01, 02 and 03July 2002The ORS level is annunciated on the Turn-on page each time po

2.3. ICAO IDENTIFIERSWaypoints are stored in the KLN 94 database almost exclusively by theirICAO identifiers. ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organ

A KLN 94 data card plugs into the left side of the KLN 94 front panel. Theland data resides full time in the data card. The KLN 94 accesses theland

2.4.1. COMPUTER UPDATING OF THE DATABASE USINGDISKETTES (ORS 02 AND HIGHER UNITS ONLY)Update information is sent to you on 3.5” disks. In order to us

4. Turn on the KLN 94. Press Fas required to approve the SelfTest, Initialization, and Databasepages. Use the right outer knobto select the Setup (S

The chances are small of having difficulty updating the database but—If you have a problem:• First check that the interface cable is properly connecte

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 2 Data Base2-92.5. USER DEFINED DATABASEIn addition to the aeronautical and land databases, you may create up to500 othe

Chapter 2 Data Base2-10This page intentionally left blank

BUSINESS REPLY MAILFIRST-CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 121 OLATHE, KANSASPOSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEEFold hereNO POSTAGENECESSARYIF MAILEDIN THE UNITED S

Name: Company: Address: City: State: Zip Code: Country:Telephone: ( ) FAX: ( )

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NOTE: A white border is used arounddata on some of the figures in this Pilot'sGuide to indicate that the data inside theborder is flashing.WARNIN

Chapter 3 Basic GPS OperationGPSPROCKLN 94 TSOCRSRPULL SCANPUSH ONENTCLRMSG NRSTALTOBSıDRNGMNUBRT1 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 310111213151416Figure 3-1 KLN 94 Co

Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation3-01. On/Off/Brightness knob – Used to turn the unit on and off and adjustdisplay brightness.2. Right outer knob – When

3. BASIC GPS OPERATIONThis is the first of four chapters specifically dealing with operating theKLN 94. In this chapter you will learn the basic oper

output displayed on the unit’s internal course deviation indicator (CDI) andprovided to an external horizontal situation indicator (HSI) or CDI is fiv

2. Use the right inner knob to enter the current altimeter setting into the“Baro” field and then press the F button. (If the KLN 94 is inter-faced to

The KLN 94 has an internal battery powered calendar/clock, so thedate and time normally don’t require setting. The battery has a life ofapproximately

The KLN 94 is capable of displaying the following time zones:UTC Coordinated Universal Time (Zulu)GST Greenland Standard Time (UTC - 3)GDT Greenland D

this process for the last digit ofthe time field. When the correcttime has been entered (figure 3-14), press F to start the clockrunning. Don’t worry

10. The Database page will now be displayed with the cursor overAcknowledge?. Line 1 indicates whether an Americas, AtlanticInternational, or Pacific

Revision History and InstructionsManual KLN 94 Pilot’s GuideRevision 2, July 2002Part Number 006-18207-0000This revision incorprates software changes

set the amount of fuel on board (FOB) and initializes the Auxiliary (AUX)15 and 16 fuel calculator pages. Possible units are gallons (GAL), pounds(LB)

3.3. DISPLAY FORMATThe KLN 94 uses a color LCD. In normal operation, the display screen isdivided into four segments (figure 3-24). When the map pag

Display segment 1 changes somewhat when the map page (NAV 4) isbeing displayed. See section 3.11.4.Display Segment 2 (Page)Aeronautical information is

Display Segment 4 (Annunciations)Segment 4 displays annunciationsassociated with the operation of theKLN 94 (figures 3-30 and 3-31). Line one shows t

3.4. BASIC OPERATION OF PANEL CONTROLSRemember that figure 3-1 is a fold-out page that you may want to refer toas you read this chapter.The KLN 94 has

The ten page types are listed across the page bar at the bottom of thescreen. Remember that the page type/number of the page actually select-ed is sho

last viewed—we’ll say the NAV 2 page. Turning the right inner knob oneclick clockwise or three clicks counterclockwise will bring you to the NAV 3pag

4. Turn the right outer knob oneclick clockwise to move the cur-sor to the second characterposition (figure 3-39).5. Rotate the right inner knob tosel

To change the default first waypoint identifier character:1. Select the SET 11 page (figure3-44) and turn on the cursor bypressing the B button (figur

To see an example of a Duplicate Waypoint page, try entering the identifi-er “AC” as a Direct To waypoint:1. Press D.2. Select “AC” as the waypointide

Revision History and InstructionsManual KLN 94 Pilot’s GuideRevision 1, March 2001Part Number 006-18207-0000This revision incorprates software changes

3.5. MESSAGE PAGEWhenever the KLN 94 wants to get your attention, the message prompt (alarge yellow “M” on the right side ofthe screen) begins flashi

3.7. INITIALIZATION AND TIME TO FIRST FIXSince the KLN 94 stores its position and other required parameters inmemory when power to the unit is removed

To initialize the position from the SET 1 page:1. If the cursor is not on the screen(figure 3-55), press the B but-ton to bring it on the page overthe

NOTE: If the KLN 94 is in the Take-Home mode, you are allowed to enterthe groundspeed (kt) and heading (°) fields in order to simulate flight (fig-ur

Airport pages but we’ll use the APT 1 since it displays the airportname and city).2. Turn on the cursor (B) andmake sure the right inner knob ispushed

3. Change the first character to a“B” (figure 3-67).4. Move the cursor to the secondcharacter and select “M” (figure3-68). Eureka! When youentered t

To select a waypoint by scanning with the cursor on:1. Select the page type for the waypoint you are looking for (APT, VOR,NDB, INT or USR). In this

To select a VOR or NDB by navaid name:1. With the cursor off, use the rightknobs to select the VOR 1 page(figure 3-73). The VOR waypointin view is not

5. Move the cursor one place to theright, and select an “E” (figure 3-79).6. Enter the “W” and “P” in a similarmanner (figure 3-80).7. Now, move the

2. Unless the first word is greater than eight characters, it is usually not abbreviated.3. Delete most punctuation such as periods and apostrophes.4.

R-3Revision History and InstructionsManual KLN 94 Pilot’s GuideRevision 0, September 2000Part Number 006-18207-0000This is the original version of thi

3.9.1. VIEWING THE NEAREST WAYPOINTSThere are actually two waypoint scan lists for airports, VORs, NDBs, inter-sections and user-defined waypoints. T

To specify the nearest airport criteria:1. Select the SET 4 page and turn on the cursor (B).2. Use the right inner knob toselect the minimum length ru

3. Rotate the right outer knobclockwise to position the cursorover “1” (figure 3-87). As long asthe cursor is left in this position,this page will up

Line 3: The altitude limits of the SUA.Line 4: The proximity of the nearest point on the border of the SUA, in theform of the absolute bearing, rela

NOTE: In some areas of the world the KLN 94 provides the location ofthe nearest point of communication with a facility providing information(INF) or r

The frequencies displayed on the nearest Center page are QuickTuneTMfrequencies. When the cursor is positioned over a frequency displayed onthis page

3.10.1. INITIATING A DIRECT TONow that you know the ground rules, let’s go ahead and try some practicalexamples. First, let’s say we wanted to fly di

7. Press F again to approve thedisplayed waypoint page. Thescreen will change to the NAV 1page, and the selected waypointwill now be the active Direc

NOTE: If the KLN 94 is in the approach mode and this method is used tocenter the D-bar when the missed approach point is the active waypoint,then the

3.11. NAVIGATION PAGESAs you would expect, the NAV (navigation) pages contain informationrelating specifically to the KLN 94’s navigation capabilities

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active waypoint while a “down” trian-gle (figure 3-109) indicates “from” theactive waypoint. The word FLAG isdisplayed over the CDI when theKLN 94 is

3.11.2. THE NAVIGATION 2 (NAV 2) PAGEThe NAV 2 page in figure 3-113 dis-plays the aircraft’s present position intwo formats: (1) the radial and dis-ta

3.11.3. THE NAVIGATION 3 (NAV 3) PAGEThe Navigation (NAV) 3 page showsyou several important times pertain-ing to your flight (figure 3-116).Line 1: Th

3.11.4.2 NAV 4 Page FormatThe NAV 4 page has a unique for-mat unlike any other KLN 94 page(figure 3-117). The page bar isremoved on the NAV 4 page t

3.11.4.3. Selecting What Is Shown On The MapThe aircraft’s present position symbol and route of flight are always select-ed for display on the map.

• Nearest 20 user defined waypoints (USR) within 200 NM of the air-craft• Tower rings (TWR Rings). A tower ring is a 4 NM radius circledrawn around ai

4. Rotate the right inner knob toselect the desired range (figure3-126). Range scales greaterthan that selected will not displaythe selected item. Ra

To configure land data for the map:1. Press the M button while view-ing the NAV 4 map page to bringup the map menu. 2. Turn the right outer knob cloc

3.11.4.7. Symbols Used On The MapThe following symbols are used on the Nav 4 map page:3.11.4.8. Selecting The Map OrientationAll KLN 94 installati

The heading up mode orients the map with the aircraft’s heading as up.The heading up orientation is not presented as a choice if heading is notprovide

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Table of ContentsTOC-1INTRODUCTION ...iKLN 94 SNEAK PREV

scale. The scale may be changed from 1/2 NM to 1000 NM (or 1 km to2000 km if km selected as distance unit on SET 12 page).In addition, an “AUTO” scal

When the KLN 94 goes into the approach active mode all land data,except for bodies of water, is automatically decluttered from the map. A“-L” is then

3. (ORS 02 and higher) If the waypoint displayed in the scan field isactually displayed on the map, its map icon is encircled on the map(figures 3-141

For example if an approach has three IAFs but only one of the IAFs uti-lizes a procedure turn, the procedure turn will only be displayed when theone I

Appendix D. The right side of line 4will read HELIPORT if applicable,MILITARY if it is a military airport(Figure 3-147), and PRIVATE if it isa privat

Line 2: The city where the airport is located.Line 3: The state if the airport is located in the U.S., the Province if locat-ed in Canada, or the coun

MLS MLS approachILS/MLS ILS and MLS approachesIf the airport has a GPS approved non-precision approach included in theKLN 94 database, GPS will also b

Runway Lighting Abbreviations:L Sunset to sunriseLPC Pilot controlled lightingLPT Part-time or on-request lightingLines 4-5: Runway information for t

CL C class C airspace (VFR frequency)CLR clearance deliveryCTA control area (VFR frequency used outside the U.S.)CTAF common traffic advisory frequenc

and the 60° radial from KMCO (Orlando International Airport) for altitudesat and below 5500 feet.In a few cases, APR, DEP, CL B, CL C, CTA, and TMA fr